Foregrounding Morality: Encouraging Parental Media Literacy Intervention Using the TARES Test for Ethical Persuasion

In the United States, children are exposed to literally hundreds of thousands of television commercials a year and virtually every aspect of kids’ lives are replete with commercial messages. The negative effects of this exposure are well documented. Yet, there remains very little regulation or limit on advertising to children beyond that which exists for adults. Additionally, only about 1/3 of U.S. parents wish for stronger controls. This presents a challenge for media literacy scholars and practitioners. Research has shown that, when presented with information about the negative effects of commercial messages, parents are more likely to adopt some form of media literacy intervention. In this study, we test to see if framing the concept of advertising to children as being unethical (using the TARES test) will increase parents’ willingness to engage in medial literacy intervention techniques. Results show that when advertising to children is framed as being unethical, parents indicated more of a willingness to engage in concept-oriented communication as a media literacy intervention than when the negative effects of advertising is presented without framing it from an ethical perspective

Global financial reform and trade rules: the need for reconciliation

This repository item contains a single issue of Issues in Brief, a series of policy briefs that began publishing in 2008 by the Boston University Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future.In the wake of the global financial crisis, many economists and policymakers are advocating the use of regulations to control the cross-border flows of capital. However, such capital account regulations (known as CARs) often are limited or prohibited by commonly-used provisions in trade and investment treaties. This policy brief describes the outcomes of a “compatibility review” between the ability to implement capital account regulations and standard provisions of the global trading system. It argues that changes should be made so that the two systems are more compatible, providing countries – especially developing countries – with the policy space to employ CARs to stabilize their economies and stave off boom-and-bust cycles and still participate in bi-lateral and multi-lateral trade and investment treaties

Domain specific software design for decision aiding

McDonnell Aircraft Company (MCAIR) is involved in many large multi-discipline design and development efforts of tactical aircraft. These involve a number of design disciplines that must be coordinated to produce an integrated design and a successful product. Our interpretation of a domain specific software design (DSSD) is that of a representation or framework that is specialized to support a limited problem domain. A DSSD is an abstract software design that is shaped by the problem characteristics. This parallels the theme of object-oriented analysis and design of letting the problem model directly drive the design. The DSSD concept extends the notion of software reusability to include representations or frameworks. It supports the entire software life cycle and specifically leads to improved prototyping capability, supports system integration, and promotes reuse of software designs and supporting frameworks. The example presented in this paper is the task network architecture or design which was developed for the MCAIR Pilot's Associate program. The task network concept supported both module development and system integration within the domain of operator decision aiding. It is presented as an instance where a software design exhibited many of the attributes associated with DSSD concept

Germinal Epithelium Cytology during Spermatogenesis in the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys temminckii (Reptilia: Chelydridae)

We investigated the cytology of the seminiferous epithelia of the Alligator Snapping Turtle (Macrochelys temminckii). Spermatogenic and regressed testes were assessed from 2 adult individuals collected in Arkansas in May and September of 1993. Specifically, we focused on the cellular phases of germ cell development and maturation. The germ cell morphology and developmental strategy within the germinal epithelium of M. temminckii appear similar to that of other genera of turtles previously studied. Interestingly, mitotic, meiotic, and spermiogeneic cells are nearly identical to that of other turtles studied based on light microscopy. There are also 6 recognizable steps to spermiogenesis, which is slightly different than the 7 steps of most turtles (step 7 absent). Though this study only uses 2 individuals (because of its endangered status), M. temminckii appears to start spermatogenesis in the spring, and the climax of spermiogenesis occurs in the fall similar to that of other temperate turtles studied to date based on light microscopy. Peculiar to both turtles in this study were the regular appearance of very large germ cells in the basal compartment of the germinal epithelium. Based on previous research and our histological analysis these enlarged spermatogonia exhibit hypertrophic characteristics typical of cells undergoing apoptosis

Experimental and numerical stability analysis of cable in conduit superconductor for the ITER project

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 22).by Kevin Stanley McFall.M.S

RHEED studies of vicinal Si(111) surfaces and Ag films grown on Si(111)

Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) was used to study the growth of silver films and the evolution of step structures on the silicon (111) surface. Silver films were deposited by molecular beam epitaxy onto the Si(111) 7 x 7 surface. Films deposited below room temperature showed RHEED intensity oscillation whose quality improved with decreasing temperature. RHEED oscillations were also improved by the application of an initial burst in the deposition flux. Such improvement and the temperature dependence of the oscillations is attributed to an increase in the island nucleation density;Vicinal silicon samples miscut from the (111) plane by 1.2°, 2.5°, and 4.5° towards the (211) direction were studied. If the samples were cooled slowly through the 1 x 1 to 7 x 7 phase transition a step bunching transformation would occur that produced large (111) terraces. During this transition the diffraction spot splitting would vanish while maintaining a constant splitting width. This suggest that the transition occurs by the growth of a few terraces incorporating the others with the widths of the other terraces remaining fixed until incorporation

Non -Intrusive Characterization of a Dispersed, Bubbly, Axisymmetric Jet.

This study investigated the effects of bubble size and phase distribution on the liquid and bubble flow fields in a dispersed, bubbly axisymmetric jet. Of primary interest was the interaction of the bubbles with large-scale structures in the developing region of the jet. Measurements were made non-intrusively via Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV), Phase-Doppler Analysis (PDA) and video imaging techniques. Liquid Reynolds\u27 numbers were varied from approximately 6,000 to 18,000 while gas volume fraction ranged from 0 to 3%. Bubble sizes varied from approximately 600 mum to 1500 mum. Axial mean velocities and RMS fluctuations have been reported for the liquid phase. Axial and radial mean velocities and RMS fluctuations have been reported for the bubbles. Measurements have been made along the centerline and radially at downstream locations of x/Djet = 0.08, 4, 8, and 16. The effects of bubble size and phase distribution on the development of the axisymmetric shear layer as well as liquid phase and bubble velocity properties in general have been examined. These data have been put into perspective with respect to traditional two-phase flow parameters as well as previous experimental, analytical and computational works. Bubble/turbulence interaction was examined in the context of the turbulent kinetic energy spectrum and a critical wave number corresponding to bubble diameter was found above which turbulence was enhanced, and below which it was attenuated

The Mechanistic Requirements Of Passive H+ Import Through The Na,k-Atpase

This work focuses on the elucidation of the mechanism of passive proton import through the Na,K-ATPase. This enzyme uses the energy in ATP hydrolysis to exchange three intracellular Na+ for two extracellular K+ to maintain ion gradients within the cell, and while in the absence of physiological external Na+ and K+, the phosphorylated externally open (E2P) conformation passively imports protons, generating an inward current (IH). Chapter one reports on the effects of intracellular cations and nucleotides to shift the Na,K-ATPase into the E2P conformation. We identified that a combination of either internal Na+ and ATP or K+ and Pi. In chapter two, we investigated the effects of extracellular inhibitors on the ability for H+ to enter through the E2P conformation. We used two different known extracellular tetrapropylammonium (TPA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) in order to block extracellular access at different expected depths within the Na,K-ATPase. Using a combination of electrophysiological and biochemical techniques, the results showed that TPA inhibits the Na,K-ATPase as well as IH near the extracellular surface as previously demonstrated. EDA on the other hand, inhibited at or near the shared sites, induced dephosphorylation and accentuate IH at acidic pH 6.0. The appendix of this work shows that while perpetually pseudo-phosphorylated by BeF3- the Na,K-ATPase, Na+ and K+ are still able to interact in the phosphorylated conformation

The Practical Impossibility of Cohen\u27s Rescuing Justice & Equality

In Rescuing Justice and Equality, G. A. Cohen argues that a state of affairs which is equality preserving and Pareto-optimal is possible. In doing so, Cohen adopts an incorrect view of practical possibility. For Cohen, a person (A) being able to realize a given state of affairs is evidence that most persons can realize that same state of affairs. In contrast, I contend that an example of person A being able to realize a state of affairs only evidences the fact that persons who possess similar talents to A can realize that same state of affairs. That is to say, on my view, a state of affairs is practically possible if and only if it is logically, nomologically, and psychologically possible for nearly all persons. As a result, I contend that an equality preserving and Pareto-optimal state of affairs is practically impossible

Perceptions of Water Competencies, Drowning Risk and Aquatic Participation among Older Adults

New Zealand has an aging population and, despite falling drowning tolls in all other age groups (WSNZ, 2019c), older adults have continued to drown in both increasing numbers and proportion. The reasons for this are not well understood since very little drowning research has focused on older people. A water safety survey (N = 389) seeking information on older adults’ aquatic recreational practices and perceptions of safety was conducted at the end of the summer season, 2019. Most adults (86%, n = 335) reported some aquatic activity in the previous year, but those aged 65+ years (66%) were significantly less likely than younger age groups to engage in aquatic recreation. Respondents aged 65+ years were less likely (74%) to perceive they could swim more than five minutes non-stop. We discuss the implications of lower perceived swimming and floating competence and less frequent participation in aquatic activities on risk of drowning